La Banda Mocha and Afro-Ecuadorian Bomb
Fidel Pablo Guerrero
http://www.soymusicaecuador.blogspot.com/
http://www.soymusicaecuador.blogspot.com/
A picture Banda Mocha in the late nineteenth century, ca. 1897. E. Festa (travel abroad). Dar click to see bigger.
In colonial times a large numbers of Africans were brought to American territories as slaves. In our day and in our country there are two large communities of Afro (nominated as constitutionally currently used to replace the derogatory form of "black"). One such community is based in the province of Esmeraldas, on the coast, "and another group which we will discuss today, which shares space in the provinces of Imbabura and Carchi, north of the Andean highlands of Ecuador.
musical identity more representative of the Afro del Valle del Chota (Imbabura) is shown primarily in three interrelated cultural expressions:
to . Music and oral poetry expressed through a music genre called pump, which has as its main instrument a drum called pump.
b . The dance that occurs through a choreography that also is called "Dance of the pump," and,
c . Specific groups for music and dancing above: Banda Mocha and pump assembly.
As we will realize the pump is a fundamental element of music culture afrochoteña, the pump is a dance, an instrument and a musical genre that runs through clustering features.
A picture of 1930. Imbabura. Blacks and Indians comprise a Banda Mocha.
The "Banda Mocha" is a group that was forming from the African musical heritage and its formal structure since, in our view, the imitation of European military band. This group has very specific instruments, using pure (squash) of different sizes, some large, some medium and small as well as tree leaves and stalks, the most striking. Cigars (1) larger would become the equivalent of tubas and bombardones; the pure medium of trombones, trumpets and saxophones; rats of horses or Cabuyo (instrument made from agave), leaves and flute of cane would be the clarinets, flutes and piccolos. Banda mocha is complemented with percussion bass drum, snare drum (called "box"), flee, "donkey jaw (mandible of horses) and to the most current cymbals.
Penco, orange leaves and "Donkey Jaw"
Source photo: http://www.mira.ec/paginas/Musica/bandamocha.aspx
The repertoire of this group, which has a festive and dance-function consists of instrumental pieces (although many of them have their origin in vocal). The number of male members, there has not been the case to see a woman member of the Banda Mocha is not fixed, but could reach well over twenty instruments. Your name appears next to "mop", a term popularly used to say cut, blunt, blunt and is related to the fact that the ends of the "pure" are cut or "Mocha." The "pure" are instruments or speakers resonators, whose noise emission is based on the performer's throat, which makes rhythmic sequences, and use the pumpkin as prolonging extensor sound.
1. Pure pumpkin or natural. Cuts: 2. Pumpkin with a lateral hole. 3. Pumpkin cut at both ends (Figure PGG) 4. Photo musician with his cigar Photo source: http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/42196000/jpg/_42196380_gal13.jpg
is true that in Africa have been made with joint groups pumpkins, and hence could be generated the idea for forming this group, however the pattern of sound distribution between severe and acute suggests that population, we used existing models of military bands, even the name Isabel Aretz recorded in the Chota Valley in the sixties, to big pumpkins, "low" and "barytes" may be related to low baritone, brass instruments of the bands. If so we should think that the formation of the "Bands Mochas" date of the first half of the nineteenth century, which saw the bands in the military battalions in our country (before there were only small bands of war), who accompanied armies to various parts of the territory.
musical instruments used in the Banda Mocha are natural and modest, no doubt emerge as an alternative to the rich imagination of poor people, as real instruments were unavailable to these enslaved and marginalized populations. His work and knowledge of nature provided to maximize the possibility of certain plants, there must have been born using these musical instruments, which are learned by tradition and therefore within the family affiliations.
This group-and African musical culture in general rather than give the category of Cultural Heritage should be nominated as a World Heritage Cultural Resistance, resistance of a humble people whose musical creativity and happiness are an example to all. Should be established in these towns ever forgotten a school and an archive of Afro-Ecuadorian musical memory, which not only study, the rear guard and are drawn to traditional music, but to become a laboratory for new production to expand the spectrum of musical diversity of Ecuador. An investment that contributes to this aspect certainly is an option that is urgent and indispensable for these sets and instruments are disappearing. That investment has to be done in the population environment, because if the community covers basic needs related to health, work, food and education have the possibility to protect and above all to develop their cultural heritage.
pump, drum pads. Courtesy Carlos Coba.
The "Body Pump" on the other hand, consists of the pump, we have said is a drum leather patch that is placed between the legs and runs with the palms of the hands and mark the characteristic rhythm of the genus also called pump (similar to Albaz ): black-quaver-quaver-black (with an accent [>] on the last note), in compound duple 6 / 8, are added guitars, a companion and one that performs melodic motifs (currently using the requinto, stringed instrument similar to guitar), and optionally sheet and maracas and / or gourd. This group can run instrumental instrumental pieces, but essentially is a group with vocals, solos, duets or responsorial. We have documented pieces that respond to their environment and agricultural and hacendatario Viva Pattern, Pattern José , Beet , others that operate within the scope of the chronicle as El Juncal bridge and Carpuela cute, in documenting certain events that occurred in the community about the dancing: Pasito tun tun , The caderona and, many on topics of feelings.
AUDIO: The caderona (version pump, a little more recent, there between afroesmeraldeños marimba version) / Youth Worker of the Chota and singers. Register César Santos T. to click on play and increase volume.
A pump assembly. Courtesy Carlos Coba.
Variants of bombs, which according to their mobility and the classified textual content sad pumps and pump hot , the latter being the most dynamic and tempo very happy. In the dance the couples dance single, the feet move with short steps, legs, torso and hips put more movement. The woman moves her hips and man chases, sometimes pulls out a handkerchief and Inca. There are variants such as the Dance of the bottle, which is a dance competition among women who move with a drink bottle balanced on your head.
Dance Video of the bottle. In: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YOA7nXg_GRw
A picture of 1968. Ecuadorian dancer Patricia Aulestia in a community of Chota watching the dance runs from the bottle.
music pump in score
The nominal reference oldest pump consists in a manuscript book of music for violin dating from 1790-1848 - in which there is a notation that is called: Pump. Is it an expression of African culture at that time? So far can not confirm this, we include it anyway (with audio) to the judicious reader to draw their own assessments.
Score: Pump, contained in the manuscript: Stock gigs violin, ancient and modern divided into three parts ... composed in the year of our Lord Quito, 1848 .
Transcript: Pump
AUDIO: Pump
Those who do are safe notations -pumps of 30's-20-years are those that kindly showed us the musician Gonzalo Teang, San Antonio de Ibarra, recorded in a booklet for band that belonged to his relative Teang Víctor Manuel (1870 - ca. 1940?), sheet music for popular band . They comprise several bombs , we present a couple of them in piano reduction.
Score: Viva pattern (there is a bomb sung, compiled by Dr. Alfredo Costales whose music is similar). Click in the score to view and print big.
AUDIO: Viva my employer
Score: Beets. Dar click on the score to view and print big.
AUDIO: Beets
In Loja were also able to document a bomb Of the 30's possibly in the collection of the band director, Jose Miguel Vaca Flores. The title of the piece is The Urcuquireña (2), explicitly states that it is a bomb , although its record is found in simple duple de2 / 4 and in most cases the records are documented in 3 / 4 and 6 / 8, the latter being the measure in which there is currently.
Score: The urcuquireña. Dar click on the score to view and print big.
AUDIO: The Urcuquireña
Those who do are safe notations -pumps of 30's-20-years are those that kindly showed us the musician Gonzalo Teang, San Antonio de Ibarra, recorded in a booklet for band that belonged to his relative Teang Víctor Manuel (1870 - ca. 1940?), sheet music for popular band . They comprise several bombs , we present a couple of them in piano reduction.
Score: Viva pattern (there is a bomb sung, compiled by Dr. Alfredo Costales whose music is similar). Click in the score to view and print big.
AUDIO: Viva my employer
Score: Beets. Dar click on the score to view and print big.
AUDIO: Beets
In Loja were also able to document a bomb Of the 30's possibly in the collection of the band director, Jose Miguel Vaca Flores. The title of the piece is The Urcuquireña (2), explicitly states that it is a bomb , although its record is found in simple duple de2 / 4 and in most cases the records are documented in 3 / 4 and 6 / 8, the latter being the measure in which there is currently.
Score: The urcuquireña. Dar click on the score to view and print big.
AUDIO: The Urcuquireña
The above is what we mentioned about musical notation, however in terms of sound recordings was apparently in 1937-since 1938 and was promoted to the disc was recorded, when the first bomb slate and so far not found a sound recording of a previous period.
home score pump Carpuela cute. On the right consist Eugenio Auz, Milton Tadeo Carcelén (composer and singer of pumps, now deceased) and Fidel Pablo Guerrero, in a tribute to Milton Tadeo, 2002.
When our good friend, the choir director Eugenio Auz, back in 1994, we contacted a person who was offering a lot of slate records, including records found interesting. There was a piece that drew attention from its title, announcing: Chota pump. When you scan the disk because the shock was greater to audition performers seemed that among the distinguished members was missing and singer and "Queen's Hall," Carlota Jaramillo, but his name did not appear in the tag or label on the disk, which was somewhat difficult to ratify the auditory impression. What is the name itself consisted of Jorge Araujo, as arranger, who became the singer's husband, so that track, plus the tone of voice and warned us that it could be Carlota Jaramillo.
Carlota Jaramillo and disc pump Chota .
Finally, some years later when he went to Guayaquil we documented several examples of songs The mosquito , 1938, which consisted not only the text of this piece, but also brought additional information explicitly named as Carlota Jaramillo performer of this piece of music. What could have happened in the disk label: it was decided not to name Jaramillo was intentional or unintentional neglect. The truth is that this is the first pump registered on slate records (once we gave it to Juan Carlos Franco for the spread in their research) is one of the most important soloists of the "national music" in the twentieth century: Carlota Jaramillo.
When our good friend, the choir director Eugenio Auz, back in 1994, we contacted a person who was offering a lot of slate records, including records found interesting. There was a piece that drew attention from its title, announcing: Chota pump. When you scan the disk because the shock was greater to audition performers seemed that among the distinguished members was missing and singer and "Queen's Hall," Carlota Jaramillo, but his name did not appear in the tag or label on the disk, which was somewhat difficult to ratify the auditory impression. What is the name itself consisted of Jorge Araujo, as arranger, who became the singer's husband, so that track, plus the tone of voice and warned us that it could be Carlota Jaramillo.
Carlota Jaramillo and disc pump Chota .
Finally, some years later when he went to Guayaquil we documented several examples of songs The mosquito , 1938, which consisted not only the text of this piece, but also brought additional information explicitly named as Carlota Jaramillo performer of this piece of music. What could have happened in the disk label: it was decided not to name Jaramillo was intentional or unintentional neglect. The truth is that this is the first pump registered on slate records (once we gave it to Juan Carlos Franco for the spread in their research) is one of the most important soloists of the "national music" in the twentieth century: Carlota Jaramillo.
Songbook The Mosquito Guayaquil, where he published La Bomba del Chota. 1938.
The text we have quoted slate disc but no words hard to understand, is approximately as follows:
The Pump Chota
(pump)
The mountain and the plain with penalties are
and it will fly its pleasures;
aura suffer Juan José
the blacks because they have llora'o
abandona'os
by Juana that was .
/ Pump, pump, pump
, Manuel / (bis 3 three times.)
Marimbas and flutes have their pain and cry
penalties, plump
love. Drink no longer
Juan José,
the juice hurts,
evitate disappointed, I
well advised you
/ Pump, pump, pump
, Manuel / (bis 3 three times.)
Pump, pump,
Manuel
pump house is sad
and heaven too. Da
guarapo Juan José,
pa 'drown this pain is so bitter
love because Joan was
/ Pump, pump, pump
, Manuel / (bis 3 three times.)
pretends to go out, go out hacete
like
[give the poncho to Juan José]
feeds to your wife. Juii
From: Araújo [Chiriboga], Jorge (arranger). Chota pump (pump) [record label, 78 rpm; blackboard] / Choir, Traditional Instruments .-- Victor: Side B / B. 82075 - USA NJ
Interestingly, there was a desire to imitate the format of the "pump sets." Some traditional groups use "leaf" which is a natural leaf of certain shrubs and trees that are placed between the fingers and lips pressure blows to achieve sound results in a fairly sharp as a whistle: the sound is which tried to play the violin (it may be that the performer is the composer of the violin Azuay Corsino Durán). Also you will hear a drum sound can be a bomb, though it sounds more like the sound the "kickers" on the soundboard of a harp. It is also possible that the original piece has been black repertoire and has been adapted into an arrangement by composer Jorge Araujo.
We parted with a small video where we can hear the pump sung by Carlota Jaramillo.
VIDEO: La Bomba del Chota.
Notes:
1. The purus = pure, are emptied and dried gourds, whose ends are cut to become a musical instrument speaker or resonator.
2. Urcuquí is a town adjacent to Ibarra in the province of Imbabura.
The text we have quoted slate disc but no words hard to understand, is approximately as follows:
The Pump Chota
(pump)
The mountain and the plain with penalties are
and it will fly its pleasures;
aura suffer Juan José
the blacks because they have llora'o
abandona'os
by Juana that was .
/ Pump, pump, pump
, Manuel / (bis 3 three times.)
Marimbas and flutes have their pain and cry
penalties, plump
love. Drink no longer
Juan José,
the juice hurts,
evitate disappointed, I
well advised you
/ Pump, pump, pump
, Manuel / (bis 3 three times.)
Pump, pump,
Manuel
pump house is sad
and heaven too. Da
guarapo Juan José,
pa 'drown this pain is so bitter
love because Joan was
/ Pump, pump, pump
, Manuel / (bis 3 three times.)
pretends to go out, go out hacete
like
[give the poncho to Juan José]
feeds to your wife. Juii
From: Araújo [Chiriboga], Jorge (arranger). Chota pump (pump) [record label, 78 rpm; blackboard] / Choir, Traditional Instruments .-- Victor: Side B / B. 82075 - USA NJ
Interestingly, there was a desire to imitate the format of the "pump sets." Some traditional groups use "leaf" which is a natural leaf of certain shrubs and trees that are placed between the fingers and lips pressure blows to achieve sound results in a fairly sharp as a whistle: the sound is which tried to play the violin (it may be that the performer is the composer of the violin Azuay Corsino Durán). Also you will hear a drum sound can be a bomb, though it sounds more like the sound the "kickers" on the soundboard of a harp. It is also possible that the original piece has been black repertoire and has been adapted into an arrangement by composer Jorge Araujo.
We parted with a small video where we can hear the pump sung by Carlota Jaramillo.
VIDEO: La Bomba del Chota.
Notes:
1. The purus = pure, are emptied and dried gourds, whose ends are cut to become a musical instrument speaker or resonator.
2. Urcuquí is a town adjacent to Ibarra in the province of Imbabura.
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