When the nineteenth century was nearing its end in 1891, was born in the small town of Uyumbicho, in the province of Pichincha, who became a distinguished musician: Carlos Enrique Brito Benavides. His life was dedicated to the musical activity, served as creator, arranger and bandleader (and military assimilated). Among his best known works is the hall Shadows, with text by Mexican poet Rosario Sansores, who have played music from around the world, is one whose first verses When you say you have been / shadows wrap me ..., and also his eyes tempting aisles, Rosas and Your dark circles.
Carlos Brito Benavides and Shadows corridor. Photo Archive Sound of Music Ecuatoriana.
In 1995, when we put forth our little Dictionary of Musicians from Ecuador Mr. José Benavides Solis very fond of music (and who incidentally is not related to musician Carlos Brito Benavides) - called attention to the biography consisted of a piece the composer called Cuasmal . I requested additional information on the piece, but I had no more information than the title of the work, so we recommended him as the encontrásemos news. Fifteen years later, at the end of last year (2010) we could obtain a copy of this piece and we were finally able to communicate the findings.
or globular flutes Phase Cuasmal ocarinas. ECB.
As we reported what Mr. Benavides, Cuasmal is the name of a river and a county site Montúfar, near San Gabriel (Labour Procerato and National Cultural Heritage by UNESCO) formed by extensions of arable land, where people are engaged in agriculture and where they planted and harvested the potato tuber mainly, to reach Cuasmal it done through a small town called El Manzano. Also, Cuasmal is the place where it has rescued a lot of beautiful vases and, in what concerns our field-a globular flute or ocarina incredible, for all that its name has served as an extension to nominate the archaeological culture known as Gopher or Cuasmal phase, which archaeologists are between the years 1250 - 1532 AD Remains found refer to the distribution of this culture was between Pasto and Carchi.
occurs to us that perhaps the musician Carlos Brito went through that town in its bustle, as a bandleader, and for some reason he dedicated his fox Inca, taking into account the death of musician who came in 1943, guess that should be made to the years 20's-30's. We recorded this piece of music found in old records, so perhaps now is the time of registration. We have received a copy of the score raised to Central Bank officials from Ecuador, who offered to record with the participation of a good pianist, so we can send its source so that people can know this work, which he thinks Mr. Benavides should be considered a documentary heritage of music for that location.
Finally we say it is very pleased to contribute to this minimum contribution, complementing segments of the historical puzzle, even if, as in the investigation, after so much time.
Cuasmal manuscript of the work of Carlos Brito.
CUASMAL AUDIO: (To hear the audio of this work to click on play and turn up the volume)
Transcript of the score:
(Dar click on the graphic to view and print large)
Article published by Miguel Angel Alario by the chemical Mexico Prize for Science and Technology 2009 "Knowledge and research provide a self-sufficient nations to add value in different areas which contribute to their social, cultural and economic." in the La Jornada, January 24, 2011.
"It's amazing that Mexico export oil and import gasoline when it should be exporting it, "said the president of the Royal Academy of Exact, Physical and Natural Sciences of Spain.
C ity of Mexico. A country supporting science is able to obtain economic gains of up to a kilo of sand. The development of knowledge and research to provide self-sufficient nations to add value in different areas which contribute to their social, cultural and economic.
So says
English scientist and Miguel Angel Alario Franco, professor Faculty of Chemistry, University Complutense of Madrid, for whom education and science must be a State policy irrespective of parties, personalities and ideologies that rule. A country without science is a country without influence, synthesizes.
On 14 January, Franco Alario and Mexico was awarded the Science and Technology 2009, that gave the Mexican government for his contributions in the chemistry world.
Based on an example relating to discipline, argues that its premise: "All nations of the world are rich in silicon, there is one that does not have because this element is in the earth beneath our feet. If you go to camp and get a kilo of sand, it does not cost anything. However, if the process to obtain pure, crystalline silicon, necessary for the operation of transistors and circuits, a kilo of this material can cost up to $ 50 000. That's added value. "
In an interview with La Jornada says that it is incredible that Mexico exports oil and import gasoline: Your country should be exporting the fuel, he said. Counterpart located in Brazil as an example to follow in Latin America in promoting scientific and technological research.
Current president of the Royal Academy of Exact, Physical and Natural Sciences of Spain, and Franco Alario is a global pioneer in the study of solid state chemistry and development of new superconducting materials synthesized under high temperatures and pressures.
His work has been widely recognized, among others received the 1984 Prize of the Royal Academy of Sciences of his native country and in 1996 the Medal of Honor of the English Royal Society of Chemistry.
The researcher believes that a scientific societies should also be recognized a pop singer or a football player. And even goes further by asserting that social scientists should know that Antoine Lavoisier is the father of modern chemistry and the hard scientists know that Miguel de Cervantes is the author of Don Quixote.
- Why do scientists insist so much on economic investment in science?
-is essential. Must be a State policy. This is not a project of a political party, left or right. When a ruler the drives, and then ends his term, he relieve him to continue treatment because there is no development without science.
advanced countries, which form the first dozen, have enormous scientific development that then used. Some believe that there are two types of science: pure and applied. I would not define it as applied science and have not applied because they end up applying. Any scientific discovery eventually used, although we now realize. The development of a country is measured by the value added generated from knowledge.
- Do you see interest among governments to support these items?
-Japan, U.S., Germany, South Korea, Singapore, Finland, do research, apply and gain added value. Their policy is fully supported.
"But when I speak of a state strategy I refer to two sectors: the public and business. The first consists of universities and research centers and the support they should receive from the government. Although it can not cover everything, is also investing in roads and social programs.
So you have to specify in the private sector because science companies benefit. A crucial step for a country to be advanced is that entrepreneurs make real investments in this area and these are not a disguise to evade taxes.
- What work has to play the State to encourage entrepreneurs to invest in science?
"In principle taught in basic education. From an early age that has clear relevance to the development of the nation.
must also have a major public research system and favor companies that produce knowledge and hire scientists. But it takes seriously: if a company that manufactures screws, his research should be directed to solving problems related to this product is not put scientists to do math.
Latin America should follow in the footsteps of Brazil
Franco Alario and states that it is difficult for small and medium enterprises have to install credit research. It therefore proposes that a number of working collaboratively to achieve funding scientific research to help them resolve problems connected with their production.
- What are the emerging nations that stand out internationally in scientific development?
-India is impressive and, of course, China. In 10 years we will go to the street and almost all development and technology will be Chinese. In Latin America, Brazil is the head, rapid development has been enormous, is betting on research and has a long way to go. That is the way forward in the region.
- What is the difference between Brazil and the rest of the region?
-Its rulers. The two former presidents, Fernando Henrique Cardoso and Luiz Inacio Lula Da Silva, believed and invested in science, development and distribution of wealth. The latter can not be solely in the hands of four, although there are four rich people can not have both and the rest of the population has nothing. This distribution is important social and economic development of nations.
- How should a country spend on science and technology?
"The figure varies from nation to nation. But at least 2 percent of GDP, divided equally between government and business. In Mexico is much lower, barely 0.5 percent of this indicator, in Spain are at 1.2 and complain, Japan reaches 3 percent.
- What is the perception from Europe Mexican science?
"That is very good research groups, but insufficient. Some even at levels similar to European and U.S. scientists.
-In 2011 marks the International Year of Chemistry. What relevance does this have for the advancement of the discipline so often stigmatized?
-The relevance of see the end of the year. It is important to the idea of \u200b\u200bUNESCO. There has been international years of physics, mathematics or astronomy. It is good that the company sees that a year is devoted to discipline, but from my perspective I think it would be better than all the years devoted to each subject a little.
can be as difficult to describe and understand for whom hearing a requintu vibrate that has not felt caul wrapping him heart and feelings.
may seem strange to many a taste for rough appearance instrument, made with just four suits and pellellu a cabritu. A simple-looking instrument, weak, archaic, almost shrill sound. Not easy to explain why his glay can make us laugh as well as we can mourn.
A friend, a good friend, Ovies Aurelio González, born in Bañugues, quirosano Adoption and the fourth name, a musician of words, stored in the boot of his memory letters Rapaz learned then sort and curly, fusing and confusing the music and poetry, as what is recited his poetry but music. With five members as soon as he learned to speak its name: AUR THE IO, with the remaining letters, his poetry, his art, he can also make a trill that a floreu or dance. In his own handwriting out as a regret a dawn singing the feeling for a bagpipe.
With assembly and the Joaquin's voice and the music selection Buelow John Taboada, who better than Aurelio verses to describe our traveling companion: THE GLAYÍU of the bagpipes.
MARKETING AND ADVERTISING EFFORTS TO SIX YEARS OF GROWING FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE
On 1 January 2005 began the Decade of Education for a Sustainable Future, United Nations established by the unanimous consent of the General Assembly so that educators help form citizens aware to social and environmental problems facing humanity today and prepared to participate in making decisions. And that same day launched the web www.oei.es / decade as a tool to promote maximum involvement in achieving those objectives.
Since then some 12,000 teachers and 250 educational institutions in Latin America have joined this site to the objectives of the Decade ( www.oei.es / decade / adhesiones.php ). And what's more important is producing a monthly average of 20000 (twenty thousand!) Access to the Key Action Points (TAC), which deal in some detail the various problems, closely linked, that characterize the current situation planetary emergency, its causes and the measures required and can take in the various fields, stressing the need for treatment holistic set of issues. These TACs are updated regularly, both as regards its content and the inclusion of keywords ( www.oei.es / decade / index.php ), which already exceed the 600, and useful references to deepen them. During the past
2010, celebrating the Ecuador of the decade, has made a particular effort in-depth renovation of the site, to provide it with better tools to facilitate access to different content, which have also been expanded. Thus, for example, has added a new TAC devoted to "rural development ." Rural development deserves much more attention than it has been providing, as it currently work for nearly half the world population and its role is essential to ensure access to food for all human beings and for the protection and conservation natural resources.
This same effort extends updating the other sections of the website, whose presentation was also completely renovated in the year now drawing from the extensive " Reading Room" to "What can we do ", which summarizes the specific actions that can and must do, as citizens and as educators, collected from a large literature and numerous workshops ( www.oei.es / decade / hacer.php ):
One of the main changes introduced in 2010 has been the recent incorporation of facebook Educators for sustainability , accessible from the website of the Decade and is receiving considerable attention from the Internet.
particular importance for promoting the objectives of the Decade have newsletters that almost monthly intervals are those who have joined the Decade, whose history can be found at http://www.oei.es/decada/boletines.php . These bulletins broadcast proposals for action related to newsworthy events, such as support for global citizen actions designed to exert a positive pressure on policy makers to commit to decisions that contribute to sustainability. That pressure is now absolutely necessary to advance Millennium Development Goals or, more specifically, to achieve an ambitious, fair and binding emission reduction of greenhouse gases. In this regard it will be necessary along the year that now begins, educators, media, scientific community, and citizens believe the social climate that requires political leaders to sign on the next climate summit to be held in Durban, South Africa, the protocol that concrete measures agreed at Cancun, where it exceeded the pessimism that seemed to have settled after Copenhagen and multilateral negotiations resumed.
has to get to Durban in 2011 involving the fight against climate change that led to Montreal in 1987 to combat the destruction of the ozone layer. The Montreal Protocol initiated the process of removing substances destroy the ozone layer that protects us from deadly radiation, overcoming denial myopic interests and unfounded. Similarly, Durban protocol has to implement, as required by the scientific community, an urgent process towards a low carbon economy. After the failure of Copenhagen and the rectification of Cancun, Durban has to go down in history of the major decisions necessary to overcome predatory and unsupportive growth and progress towards sustainable development. It's in our hands to help without further delay, this is achieved this year 2011.
2011 also represents the implementation of a project should represent a leap social equity and quality in education in Latin America: "Educational Goals 2021: The education we want for the bicentennial generation" which, as noted in the Bulletin 55, making education for sustainability a key element of values \u200b\u200beducation for active democratic citizenship.
girls hope they are all doing great, and already wish you all a HAPPY NEW YEAR, everything will go well and be a great year for all ...
MESSAGE Reason is to inform about the descriptions of each of the members of his group for Yearbook many will get the message Vanessa Ruiz with the details, but for those who did not receive the message going there :
Hi girls:
This little message is to inform you that have until Tuesday 4 to deliver the comments of the girls in your group to the directory , please consider the following :
* Full Name * Description of the (positive things) * Maximum of three lines arial 10 * Check spelling
please forward and tell their groups ... Send the following e-mail.
The second point is to report the share to be held on January 4 after the lecture, is the last day we all gathered. We deserve to take a souvenir of our university life and we must make them share a special moment.
coordinated As a first time purchase things with the money collected Monica, was coordinated in each group also takes a bite, so far as there are two registered Janira group: soft drinks (3 ), and who offered to donate one percent of sweet snacks. Now that other groups need to coordinate and send me a message that they will wear for that day. If there is anything else that will send text messages to inform all but porfa porsiacaso inform your group and constantly review their e not lost everything that we are planning to go as we wish.
A I forgot a little detail, most girls were not the first trial porfa try not to miss the second truly are little details that might be insignificant but that really matter and that we were there attest to that. A card and I have four girls who could not be in the essay: Ruth, Carmen, Cinthia Rubio and Zindy, Betsy is yours handed over to the girls in your group. The others of the surrender on January 4 ... the latter one which asked for additional tb they will be delivering that day.
If something is happening to me remind me porfa ... byeee.
everything in life has an end ... but each end has to have a fresh start
In 1930 the composer Ecuadorian Carlos Amable Ortiz (1859-1937) created the music for a Sanjuán entitled The Testament of the Indian , referring to an indigenous legacy that makes his poor possessions to their heirs. The text was apparently made by a mestizo, has an ironic, mocking intent. With a resemblance there are traditions in our environment, in which context it is also developing a "Testament" imaginary goods leaving the bereaved of the year concluded.
Dolls of the Old Year (Quito-Ecuador). The legends are looking to be funny: "Since 30 September the Police Hospital also serves kidnappings, "said one poster to refer to the abduction of the President of the Republic at the Police Hospital.
because Ecuador has a family tradition that takes place at year's end on 31 December, in many parts of the country and is called the "Burning the Old Year," which fact adds to the reading of the " Year Old Testament, "which is a letter that recounts the events that have occurred throughout the year (in the country, outside of him or family level) and a series of legacies or inheritances to which" The Scribe "or" Notario "is often given a humorous, ironic, claim or complaint.
a lesser scale, you can still buy on the street for 25 cents, "The Political Testament of the Old Year" printed by anonymous authors and questionable quality of content ... Communications technology now also have the "Wills cyber" that we receive through the network ...
Testament 2010 (From head to toe)
... Start and bequeathed a tribute bohemian
Sandro, cantor as a reward his artistic existence. I remember in my teens
my first love and even my teachers still humming their tunes. Although he was, these ballads relieve the troubles!. Speaking of sorrows
which occurred in Haiti hurt us as happen here on our soil. not the gringos comfort and advantage that damage to steal
titanium pretending to be compassionate. Nettle for those living and Haiti hug!.
Follow the crisis in Greece and becomes more acute: the rich
ask for help and appreciate the state. The jobless rages
and blame the immigrant accuse him of being fat thug while daily. I leave to millionaires purgative a banquet! ... The Obama says President
withdraw its troops from Iraq but leave boot fifty thousand insane. So even without glasses I can see clearly his trick to pursue the oil tit teeth. What has been delivered to its people? bombs, bullets, bayonets! (Fragment Testament 2010: From head to toe prepared by Jaime Guevara "El Cantor Contraband," which arrived in our e-mail).
The "Testament" is performed by one or more "write" in verses three, four, five or more lines, which may be rhymed or not, and can obviously is the topic of multiple variants - family matters, political, local, package, etc .- attempting to be humorous overtones. In its structure the "Testament" usually contain three segments defined.
a. Presentation or greeting, with signs of repentance before the Notary
Cabrera start dictating
oath and my will.
Poor poor have come but I'll let them
everything I am.
Other: Now you just want to make my life
distributed to all at a time my luck and my fortune.
The legacy I leave them will serve as counsel for only shungo * treasured this crazy old fool. Shungo
: Quechua means heart, love, figuratively.
b. Development, in which the Old Year gives his goods or his wishes
taking leave my children do not believe I forgot to
each of you will post more than a penny.
stone pillow in the sleeping, drunken
left my company.
to leave hair combs to give all my unmarried daughters. Two old shirts
left in the closet to make hats
my unmarried children.
Two old mattresses and blankets worn
for clogging my daughters married.
Two guards and helmets to protect
reinforced my children married.
The government, a guidance manual so you know what the revolution Remember that time flies And things are not changing As change in Venezuela: Here, as Patty says, No change which is nothing.
c. Etc. Finally a closing or farewell, which is made known that comes to an end and the Old Year is going to be sacrificed: Better today than tomorrow
that tomorrow I do not know yet
I die and I have very thirsty. Serve
drink and the table and come and see his old that has prepared a big turkey to feed . Shrimp and crab
the Old Year ended rice dish with egg live the New Year.
Other: To my family, everything I had two songs and a bracero to rejoice in January next year to come.
sadness I say goodbye to this year devalued put the turkey on the table that will be finished.
Everything comes to an end and has been in the past, prepare for the Old
that will be burned.
Masks for the Old Year is sold at makeshift stalls (Quito).
Within this tradition - which occurs not know since when, maybe since the twentieth century? - Burning the old year, represented by a doll or puppet made of old clothes that are filled with sawdust or paper and that placing a mask of a character (there are now very sophisticated dolls, made of cardboard or fiber and of massive proportions that emulate with incredible similarity to a variety of political figures, presenters and television personalities, athletes, among many others that are part of the national and international conjuncture. Product of the coup attempt in which the police participated, now is the first time we've seen a lot of dolls from the National Police).
A large doll represented the Ecuadorian referee Byron Moreno who was arrested with a drug shipment in the U.S.. Quito, 2010.
Banda de Pomasqui. Year Old. Pomasqui, 2005.
The doll or dolls are placed on a pallet or in a sort of hut made of branches of eucalyptus leaves palm trees or tables and display them throughout the day with funny captions making a political history of migrants, drunks and any issue that reaches the popular imagination to sketch on a prominent event occurred throughout the year. Several men and children dress up as "Widow" of the Old Year, men with bras, skirts and wigs seeking alms "a caridadcita for the poor old man" in sadness and flirtatious tone coins and ask passersby, who often deposited in a case of the "Widow" a few cents.
The "Widows of the Old Year," which once wore a black suit to represent mourning, in our time are more colorful.
When needed half an hour to midnight, the family gathers around the "Old Man", which lies at that time lying in the street or in the backyard and read the "Testament" (some hit and kick the doll so bad that I tried the year), the radio is on at full volume and listen to an emotional speaker who makes the count in minutes and seconds, and finally when you get to 24:00 New Year eating, dancing and sipping - in many cases - to the dawn families embrace and express good wishes for the coming year. The young children then jump over the flame burned dolls that were previously soaked in gasoline and, in some cases filled with firecrackers, which are still used despite the ban. The glow of thousands of almost simultaneous bonfires loom from a distance in different parts of the city.
The family gets together and burn the old year. The children jump the flame as part of the event fun.
The Indian Testament In the book Songs of the Ecuadorian people compilation of conservative political writer and Juan León Mera (1832-1894) and published in 1892 contains a piece entitled The Testament of the Indian , a kind of mockery of the status of Native Americans and their division of assets. Transcribe its text with the respective explanatory notes that explain the terms Quechua (and also glimpse the mind of the compiler, as in that of "the people, even people of worth"):
THE WILL OF THE INDIAN
This That poor I will refer here, I made an Indian
Little unhappy before he died. Item
declare that I leave my sinful soul to God, and body of mother earth which God formed him.
I have been married and veiled No more than once, and four children God has given me In this one woman. Item
declare that I leave this sad old hut, To live my children, If my master wants and leaves them.
leave a Cullman [1] has Over forty holes, And a more patched trousers That a beggar panties [2] . I leave my poncho
jargon, Although it is nothing but rags, And my hat, so old that no longer has or skirts. I leave my shigrita
[3] old And my puquito [4] , though broken, And also my maquicaras [5] Made of leather fox.
What is land, not stop, Because I have no more That Hollow cemetery in which they will bury me.
We believe that the Sanjuán Carlos Amable Ortiz, mentioned at the beginning of this writing, is a newer version that compiled by Mera, behold your text
The Testament
Indian Music: Carlos Amable Ortiz
to: NN
This will
will refer to what the Indian said before dying.
commend my soul to God my daddy and my girl my pot of rice. Brother Raymond
have I care that my girl can not the world. Brother Patrick
have I care that my two children are given to the vice . Brother James
have I care that my sheep
not take the wolf.
Four cocks breasts, five with the rooster
sister city does not take the piggy. The Soberado
cutting scissors I have quarrels of my little women. The tangancito
I have my puquito where I ate chiri porotito. Bloated belly
almost give I called my fixie
soul who put me in quiet
Behind the door where I have a resting
estradito the poor little Indian. Under the leather
I have coins for misitas say, I will. Goodbye my Longuita
I do not see the poor little Indian you'll remember.
's score The Indian Testament (Sanjuan) / Carlos Amable Ortiz. Dar click on image to view and print big.
audio The Indian The Testament (Sanjuan) / Carlos Amable Ortiz. Midi version. Dar click play and turn up the volume.
There is another version of the composer Azuay Francisco Paredes Herrera, whose recording was made by the Brothers Valencia. Your text here:
I: / I will relate, I will refer
,
he said the Indian
the time of death / (bis)
II: / Three I have little children
them are boys they do not know
cushmas or pants / (bis)
III: Command to
pot of rice for people
have to eat.
IV: / Send to make chicha
pondito
for people
have to drink / (bis).
V: Let them come my buses
my wife also come my compadres, my dog \u200b\u200b
.
VI: / I will give
Taita my soul to my God and my girl
the pot of rice / (bis).
Now the old year is over, you only have to say that the tradition of the "Burning the Old Year," long-standing, and a little eco-along to "Will" are terms still in force and appreciated by the Ecuadorian people and as are a source of family unity, joy and an alternative to laugh at the power of the exploiters, of which create inequality or bad rulers be a valid and persistent legacy of our people.
Juan León Mera Notes: [1] Sleeveless, regular canvas. (Note by Juan León Mera). [2] The people, and even people of worth, we usually between incurring the lack of call beggar to the beggar, taking the alms received by the day. A few years here, thanks to the brief catalog of language errors Dr. Cevallos, to those outlined by Mr. Crow, the Don Gallicisms Dictionary RM Baralt and fairly disclosed to other books in Ecuador, and, above all, the very progress of culture, language is purified in the Republic, in particular visuo society and people who aspire to appear enlightened and worthy of consideration. (Note by Juan León Mera). [3] JICRA shigra or bag, hemp yarn, woven way to what is now called crochet. Some are fine-Brad graciously. Serve the Indians, among other uses, to save the Mashco (barley flour) or roasted corn, especially how-do they travel. (Note by Juan León Mera). [4] PUCO, ordinary clay cup. (Note by Juan León Mera). [5] raw leather sleeves used by the Indians at work. Tend them, as indicated by the text, the skin of anise, erroneously called fox. Anise, I have not seen successfully classified and described by zoologists know, but it certainly has to be by others, is a quadruped quite similar in size and shape to the Sarig, they say abound in Brazil, and that it is less common in the highlands of Ecuador, where usually gives behalf of fox (shit in our Indian language), but the anise is less big ears, snout and tail less acute long bristle cover and abundant. It is black with a white stripe from head to tail, has legs work you will be short and slightly longer front and armed with strong claws, they dig the earth to extract the worms that feed. When pursued, wetting tail in their urine, which are pungent and pungentísimo, and spreads. The Indians of the Andes eat the flesh of anise, and employ his lungs as a specific against pneumonia, especially to preserve it. From what I observed, this remedy is not something that deserves to be despised by the doctors, should study and do experiments (sic) with him. (Note by Juan León Mera).
everything in life has an end ... but each end has to have a fresh start 
Brendita. .. 
